草莓休眠过程中内源激素含量的变化

研究了草莓休眠过程中,内源ＡＢＡ、ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ（玉米素）含量变化。结果表明,同种内源激素在露地和保护地栽培条件下变化趋势相似。深休眠和浅休眠品种同种内源激素含量变化趋势相似,但含量变化在时间上有所差异。     

赤霉素和细胞分裂素调控苹果果实早期生长发育机理的研究

采用流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）及酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）从细胞学和激素生理学的角度研究了ＧＡ４／７、ＢＡ及ＣＰＰＵ调节苹果果实早期发育的可能机理。ＧＡ４／７（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）抑制了苹果果肉细胞分裂，未提高果实内源细胞分裂素（ＺＲｓ，ｉＰＡ）含量推测它主要通过促进工而促进果实生长，ＢＡ（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）和ＣＰＰＵ（１２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）可以显著促进苹果幼果的细胞分裂，ＣＰＰＵ的细胞分裂素活性较ＢＡ高，ＢＡ和ＣＰＰ     

Photoperiodic Regulationof Apical Growth Cessation in Northern Tree Species

Summary

Tree species adapted to the climatic conditions of the northern boreal and subarctic vegetation zones have a capacity to develop a very high level of frost hardiness, even to survive the temperature of liquid nitrogen in midwinter. Proper timing of hardening, as well as of dehardening, is crucial for winter survival of these species. In northern tree species, cessation of apical elongation growth and bud set is a prerequisite for developmental and metabolic processes leading to hardening, and this chain of events is induced by photoperiod. The northern tree species are closely adapted to the local light climate and display photoperiodic ecotypes. The critical photoperiod is under genetic control and increases with increasing latitude of origin of the eco-type. The photoperiod is probably perceived by the phytochrome system, but the role of other pigment systems, like cryptochrome, has not been studied in woody plants. Phytochrome genes have been cloned from both conifers and deciduous species, but so far we do not have any information about possible differences between photoperiodic ecotypes at the phytochrome level. Northern and southern ecotypes have different responses to red:far red ratios, which could indicate differences in composition of their phytochrome systems, for example, the proportions of phytochrome A and B. Both phytochrome A and phytochrome B can be involved in photoperiodic responses. Experiments with transgenic hybrid aspen suggest that responses to photoperiod could be affected by the amount of phytochrome A present in plants. In deciduous species, the plant hormone gibberellin A₁ (GA1) can completely substitute for a long photoperiod, and short day induced cessation of growth is preceded by a significant reduction of GA1 levels, particularly in the elongation zone. Photoperiodic control of GA metabolism is supported by several studies, but very little is known about the interaction between phytochrome and GA metabolism and/or responsiveness to GA1. Although our knowledge is still very fragmentary, available results suggest that cessation of growth and initiation of hardening in trees can be controlled both through the phytochrome and the GA mediated systems. Research with tree species is a tedious and slow process, but with the emerging new methods and approaches, we may expect exciting new results in the near future.     

螺旋环剥对‘糯米糍’荔枝坐果与碳水化合物及激素的影响

研究结果表明，幼‘糯米滋’荔枝主要螺旋环剥能减少碳水化合物向根系转运，从而增加叶片和果实中的碳水化合物含量，增多果实中赤霉素类物质和降低脱落酸类物质含量。坐果率的提高与赤霉素／脱落酸的比值较高关系密切。     

基于转录组测序的高羊茅分蘖与株高相关差异表达基因分析

分蘖与株高是禾本科草类植物重要的农艺性状,明确参与调控分蘖与株高的基因类型对牧草和草坪草分子辅助育种具有重要意义。以表型差异明显的两个高羊茅品种“Kentucky-31”（K31）和“Regenerate”为材料,旨在构建高羊茅分蘖节转录组图谱,挖掘在分蘖节部位调控生长发育相关的差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes,DEGs）。基于高通量测序技术平台Illumina HiSeq 2500×Miseq 300进行转录组测序,并将得到的数据进行de novo组装,结果共获得77872条单基因簇（unigene）。将获得的unigenes与非冗余蛋白数据库（non-redundant protein database,NR）、蛋白质数据库（universal protein,Uniprot）、基因本体数据库（gene ontology,GO）、东京基因与基因组数据库（kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）以及直系同源蛋白簇（clusters of orthologous groups,COG）数据库进行比对,结果显示：分别有59927、40213、44447、15146和13767条unigenes成功获得注释。“Regenerate”与“K31”对比有1573个上调DEGs和1441个下调DEGs。GO富集分析发现,DEGs主要富集在细胞、细胞组分、大分子复合物组装等生物过程。DEGs中共注释到42个差异表达转录因子,主要包括TCP、WRKY和ARF等19种类型。还注释到与8类植物激素相关的DEGs,包括生长素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸、赤霉素、乙烯、油菜素甾醇、水杨酸和茉莉酸。利用实时荧光定量PCR对DEGs进行表达模式验证,发现其与RNA-Seq测序结果一致,证实了测序结果的准确性。研究结果丰富了高羊茅的转录组序列资源,初步获得控制株高及分蘖发育的候选因子,为进一步开展基因功能及分子育种研究提供了理论支持。     

银杏种子生长、脱落及其与内源激素含量变化的关系

关于激素在果实生长发育过程中的作用 ,前人曾进行过大量的研究 ,并取得了许多宝贵的成果[1,2 ] ,而对银杏 (ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ .)种子的相关研究却很少。银杏作为一种古老的裸子植物 ,其种子的生长发育与一般的裸子植物又有不同 ,它的胚珠直接着生在短枝上 ,没有了一般裸子植物的球果构造 ,从表面上看很类似于杏 (Ａｒｍｅｎｉａｃａｓｐｐ .)、桃 (Ａｍｙｇｄａｌｕｓｓｐｐ .)等的生长发育过程。本文从分析银杏种子生长发育的一般特点出发 ,研究了银杏种子生长发育与内源激素含量的关系 ,旨在探索银杏种子生长发育的一般规律 ,…     

小叶杨原生质体培养中的激素和氨含量变化

以小叶杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｉｍｏｎｉｉｃａｒｒ．）原生质体培养的愈伤组织为供试材料，用高压波相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ），测定它们在四种不同分化培养基上四大类内源激素（ＩＡＡ，ＧＡ３，ＣＴＫ，ＡＢＡ）的含量变化，并检定有关Ｎ的生化反应。结果表明，不同分化培养基上的愈伤组织中内源激素含量和种类差异很大。导致细胞分裂素（ＣＴＫ）含量高，种类多以及细胞分裂素与生长素的比值（ＣＴＫ／ＩＡＡ）高的处理，有利于愈伤组织分化；但若愈伤组织中含有内源脱落酸（ＡＢＡ），则抑制分化。测定结果还表明，小叶杨原生质体培养的愈伤组织分化过程中，其硝酸还原酶活力与氨基态Ｎ含量互为消长。分化频率高的愈伤组织中，硝酸还原酶活力低，而氨基态Ｎ含量高．     

Content changes of several endogenous plant hormones in female-sterile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabulaeformis</Emphasis> Carr

To determine the relationship between female sterility of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and plant hormones, content changes of several endogenous plant hormones in a female-sterile clone and a normal clone were analyzed during the key period of female gametophyte abortion in mutant clones. The change of ABA content showed a similar pattern between normal and mutant clones, but the ABA content of the mutant clone was always much higher than that of the normal clone. In the normal clone, the IAA content decreased significantly at the early stage of the period and reached its minimum during the first ten days of April and stabilized thereafter. The endogenous ZR levels increased sharply at the early stages and reached a maximum in the middle of April, then decreased dramatically. The IAA and ZR contents of the mutant clone did not change perceptively through the entire period. We conclude that the high levels of ABA and the deficit of IAA and ZR may be the reasons of female gametophyte abortion in the female-sterile clones of P. tabulaeformis.     

AgNO3处理下银杏幼胚愈伤组织的形成和激素变化

采用石蜡切片技术和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),以银杏幼胚为外植体,添加0,1和5 mg/L AgNO3作处理,观察21 d内愈伤组织的形成过程,测定内源激素吲哚乙酸(IAA)、保幼激素类似物(ZR)、赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)的变化,分析AgNO3对银杏幼胚愈伤组织分化潜能的影响。结果表明:根据解剖结构愈伤形成可分为4个阶段。第1阶段(0~7 d),IAA升高,ABA降低,表皮细胞启动脱分化。第2阶段(≥7~11 d),4种激素浓度均升高,愈伤组织和细胞团初步形成。第3阶段(≥11~16 d),GA、ABA大幅降低,细胞团大量形成。第4阶段(≥16~21 d),ABA骤降、GA迅速上升,愈伤组织和细胞团增殖。1 mg/L AgNO3处理下分生细胞团种类最多,其次为5mg/L处理,0 mg/L处理最少。研究认为,银杏幼胚愈伤组织具有较强的分化潜能,AgNO3能影响其内源激素的平衡,调控分化方向。     

光周期对糜子生长发育及叶片内源激素的调控效应

【目的】明确光周期对糜子生理生态指标的影响,为糜子光周期遗传调控网络及相关基因定位奠定基础。【方法】通过盆栽试验设置4种光周期处理,选用光敏感性差异不同的3个品种（N1-光钝感-内糜1号,N2-光中间-内糜2号,N3-光敏感-宁糜14号）,调查不同处理植株的物候期,测定不同处理抽穗期内源激素含量、成熟期株高、籽粒蛋白质含量和光钝感品种抽穗后的净光合速率。【结果】长日照显著延长糜子生育期,增加株高,光敏感品种N3全生育期长日照生育期天数和株高较短日照分别增加62.07%、104.24%,光钝感品种N1为3.51%、33.35%;随着生育进程的推进,抽穗后叶片净光合速率表现出明显差异,延长光照能显著增强糜子叶片净光合速率,增加干物质积累;光周期处理下不同光敏感品种内源激素变化明显,一定浓度IAA促进抽穗,IAA与GA和ZR呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.51和0.40,与ABA呈极显著负相关（-0.62）,ABA与GA和ZR呈极显著负相关,分别为-0.70和-0.39,GA与ZR呈极显著正相关（0.47）;全生育期短日照条件下不同光敏感品种籽粒蛋白质含量显著高于其他处理,全生育期短日照N1-2、N2-2、N3-2蛋白质含量较全生育期长日照N1-4、N2-4、N3-4分别高18.89%、80.50%和61.23%。光敏感品种较光钝感品种的籽粒蛋白质含量更容易受短日照影响。【结论】光周期显著影响不同光敏感性糜子生长发育及内源激素含量,长日照显著延长糜子生育期、增加植株株高和增强叶片净光合速率,但降低籽粒蛋白质含量,一定浓度IAA含量调控糜子由营养生长向生殖生长转变。